韌性安(an)全(quan)(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)是(shi)指城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)能夠有效防范和抵(di)御各種(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)大沖擊(ji)(ji)，從沖擊(ji)(ji)中(zhong)迅(xun)速恢(hui)復(fu)“機能”、保持城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)核(he)心(xin)功(gong)(gong)能正常運(yun)行，并在應對(dui)沖擊(ji)(ji)中(zhong)通過(guo)學(xue)習(xi)創新(xin)提(ti)升城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)整(zheng)(zheng)體功(gong)(gong)能的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)范式。習(xi)近平(ping)總書(shu)記(ji)日前在上(shang)海(hai)考察(cha)時強調，“要(yao)(yao)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)踐行人(ren)民(min)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)理念”“全(quan)(quan)面(mian)推(tui)進韌性安(an)全(quan)(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建設(she)，努力(li)走出一條中(zhong)國特色超大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)治(zhi)理現代(dai)化的(de)新(xin)路”。韌性安(an)全(quan)(quan)是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)運(yun)行的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)基礎，是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)可(ke)持續發(fa)展的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)內容，是(shi)推(tui)動城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)發(fa)展的(de)戰略(lve)選擇。全(quan)(quan)面(mian)推(tui)進韌性安(an)全(quan)(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建設(she)，必須(xu)牢(lao)固樹立以人(ren)民(min)為中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)發(fa)展思(si)想，更好統籌發(fa)展和安(an)全(quan)(quan)，持續提(ti)高城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)命周期(qi)的(de)風險防控能力(li)，全(quan)(quan)面(mian)增強城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)整(zheng)(zheng)體韌性，不斷提(ti)升城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)治(zhi)理水平(ping)。
強化全程風險防控。風險防控是實(shi)現城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)治理(li)關口前移、從被動應對(dui)到(dao)主動防御轉變的(de)(de)基本(ben)策略。全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)推進(jin)(jin)韌(ren)(ren)性安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)，必須加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)全(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程風險防控，實(shi)現對(dui)各(ge)類城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)風險的(de)(de)智能(neng)感知、精(jing)準研判(pan)、實(shi)時預警(jing)和有效管控，切實(shi)做(zuo)到(dao)抓早、抓小、抓苗頭(tou)。更(geng)好(hao)統籌(chou)發展與安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)源頭(tou)治理(li)，把韌(ren)(ren)性城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)思維貫穿(chuan)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)規劃(hua)設(she)(she)計(ji)、建設(she)(she)管理(li)、運(yun)(yun)行維護的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程、各(ge)方面(mian)，嚴把安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)關、質量關，全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)提升城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)韌(ren)(ren)性、設(she)(she)施韌(ren)(ren)性、管理(li)韌(ren)(ren)性，夯實(shi)韌(ren)(ren)性安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)基礎(chu)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)把握城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)風險的(de)(de)類型特(te)點、時空(kong)分(fen)布、強(qiang)度分(fen)布和演化(hua)態(tai)勢，形成實(shi)時動態(tai)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)風險圖景，最大限度摸清城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)風險底數，確保城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)行始終處于安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)、可靠的(de)(de)狀態(tai)。結合城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)行實(shi)際進(jin)(jin)行極限壓力測試，查找城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)治理(li)工(gong)作的(de)(de)漏洞并及時予以完善(shan)，不斷提高城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)防風險、迎沖擊、抗打壓能(neng)力。
提高抗災設防標準。現(xian)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的運(yun)行(xing)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)依賴于大(da)量(liang)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施。全面推進(jin)韌(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)安(an)全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，必須根據城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)濟社會發(fa)展水(shui)平(ping)(ping)，加大(da)韌(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)安(an)全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)投入(ru)，適度提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施設(she)(she)(she)防標準，增強防范、抵御、應(ying)對(dui)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)風(feng)險沖(chong)擊的能(neng)力(li)(li)。提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)地震災(zai)(zai)害(hai)、地質災(zai)(zai)害(hai)、氣(qi)象災(zai)(zai)害(hai)、水(shui)旱災(zai)(zai)害(hai)、海(hai)洋災(zai)(zai)害(hai)等(deng)自(zi)然災(zai)(zai)害(hai)防御工(gong)程(cheng)標準，進(jin)一(yi)步提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)供氣(qi)、供電、供熱、給水(shui)、排水(shui)、通(tong)信、交通(tong)等(deng)各(ge)類(lei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生命線系統的韌(ren)(ren)性(xing)(xing)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)極(ji)端情景下城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生命線工(gong)程(cheng)平(ping)(ping)穩(wen)安(an)全運(yun)行(xing)能(neng)力(li)(li)。做好(hao)保(bao)障(zhang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)行(xing)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)設(she)(she)(she)施、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要功能(neng)規劃建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的分布(bu)(bu)式(shi)布(bu)(bu)局(ju)，配(pei)全、配(pei)好(hao)備用系統并建(jian)(jian)立(li)自(zi)發(fa)式(shi)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)響(xiang)應(ying)啟動(dong)機(ji)制(zhi)。注重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)統籌新建(jian)(jian)增量(liang)與盤活存(cun)量(liang)，積極(ji)盤活城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)低效和(he)(he)閑置(zhi)資源，加快建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)集隔離、應(ying)急(ji)(ji)醫療和(he)(he)物資保(bao)障(zhang)為一(yi)體的“平(ping)(ping)急(ji)(ji)兩用”公共基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)保(bao)障(zhang)能(neng)力(li)(li)。完善城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)避難(nan)(nan)場所規劃布(bu)(bu)局(ju)，健全避難(nan)(nan)場所建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)標準和(he)(he)后評(ping)價機(ji)制(zhi)，嚴(yan)禁隨(sui)意變更(geng)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)避難(nan)(nan)場所和(he)(he)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施的使(shi)用性(xing)(xing)質。
完善應急救援體系。應(ying)(ying)急(ji)救援(yuan)(yuan)是維護城(cheng)市(shi)安全(quan)運行的(de)最后一道(dao)防線。全(quan)面(mian)推進韌性安全(quan)城(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)(jian)設，必(bi)須(xu)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)權(quan)責(ze)清(qing)晰(xi)、反(fan)應(ying)(ying)靈敏、上(shang)下(xia)貫(guan)通、左右聯動、運轉(zhuan)高效(xiao)的(de)城(cheng)市(shi)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)救援(yuan)(yuan)體系，第(di)一時間發(fa)(fa)現問題、分析問題、解(jie)決問題，最大限(xian)度維持城(cheng)市(shi)正常運行。完善(shan)跨(kua)部門、跨(kua)地(di)區(qu)、跨(kua)行業(ye)綜(zong)合會商研判機(ji)制(zhi)，充分發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)(hui)專(zhuan)業(ye)機(ji)構(gou)和專(zhuan)家的(de)作用(yong)(yong)，提高對(dui)城(cheng)市(shi)安全(quan)突發(fa)(fa)情況的(de)預(yu)見(jian)、預(yu)判、預(yu)斷能(neng)力。健全(quan)統(tong)一指揮(hui)(hui)、各(ge)(ge)方協同的(de)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)體系，發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)(hui)好各(ge)(ge)級各(ge)(ge)類應(ying)(ying)急(ji)指揮(hui)(hui)機(ji)構(gou)的(de)統(tong)籌協調和牽(qian)頭抓(zhua)總作用(yong)(yong)，各(ge)(ge)成員單位(wei)各(ge)(ge)司其職、各(ge)(ge)負其責(ze)，使點上(shang)管控(kong)和面(mian)上(shang)統(tong)籌有機(ji)結合、前方處置和后方協調相(xiang)互銜接(jie)，形成有效(xiao)管控(kong)突發(fa)(fa)情況的(de)整體合力。健全(quan)突發(fa)(fa)事(shi)件新聞發(fa)(fa)布和輿(yu)(yu)論引(yin)導(dao)機(ji)制(zhi)，把握(wo)好“時度效(xiao)”，積極引(yin)導(dao)社會輿(yu)(yu)論和公眾(zhong)情緒(xu)。按(an)照(zhao)“寧可備(bei)而(er)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)，不(bu)可用(yong)(yong)而(er)無(wu)備(bei)”的(de)要求，強化應(ying)(ying)急(ji)力量和資源“冗余度”，建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)常備(bei)不(bu)懈的(de)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)物資、應(ying)(ying)急(ji)設施、應(ying)(ying)急(ji)隊(dui)伍、應(ying)(ying)急(ji)能(neng)力儲備(bei)機(ji)制(zhi)。
深化現代科技賦能。科技(ji)賦能(neng)(neng)(neng)極(ji)(ji)大提升了(le)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)治理(li)(li)(li)的(de)精(jing)準性(xing)(xing)、時效性(xing)(xing)和規范性(xing)(xing)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)推進(jin)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，必須(xu)積極(ji)(ji)推廣物(wu)聯(lian)網、云計算(suan)、大數據、區塊鏈、人(ren)工智能(neng)(neng)(neng)、5G等(deng)現代(dai)信息技(ji)術在韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)領域(yu)的(de)運用(yong)(yong)，探索“互聯(lian)網+城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)治理(li)(li)(li)”，堅(jian)持以(yi)信息化(hua)(hua)推進(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)治理(li)(li)(li)現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)，提高(gao)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)治理(li)(li)(li)的(de)科學化(hua)(hua)、專業化(hua)(hua)、智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)、精(jing)細(xi)化(hua)(hua)水平。堅(jian)持“部門聯(lian)合(he)、事項整合(he)、數據耦(ou)合(he)、優準結合(he)”，持續深(shen)化(hua)(hua)“一(yi)網統管(guan)”建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)把系統打通、功能(neng)(neng)(neng)做全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)強，提升跨(kua)(kua)部門、跨(kua)(kua)層級(ji)、跨(kua)(kua)區域(yu)、跨(kua)(kua)業務、跨(kua)(kua)系統的(de)服務管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，打造(zao)(zao)賦能(neng)(neng)(neng)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)強大利(li)器。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)集資源管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、風險感知、預(yu)警預(yu)測、監(jian)管(guan)執法、應(ying)急(ji)決策、指揮(hui)調度、復盤總(zong)結于一(yi)體(ti)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)平臺，打造(zao)(zao)“一(yi)站式(shi)”全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)場(chang)景(jing)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)終(zhong)端(duan)，實(shi)現常(chang)態化(hua)(hua)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。推進(jin)數據融合(he)、多變量耦(ou)合(he)模型開發，根據韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)實(shi)際需(xu)要拓展更多應(ying)用(yong)(yong)場(chang)景(jing)、應(ying)用(yong)(yong)模塊，確保(bao)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)、管(guan)用(yong)(yong)、實(shi)用(yong)(yong)、好用(yong)(yong)。
強化多元協同共治。韌性安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)是一個需要多方(fang)(fang)參與(yu)的(de)(de)復雜系統工(gong)程。全(quan)面推進(jin)韌性安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)，必須堅(jian)持人(ren)(ren)(ren)民城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民建(jian)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)民城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)為人(ren)(ren)(ren)民，構建(jian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參與(yu)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)奉(feng)獻、人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)共(gong)享(xiang)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)治(zhi)理共(gong)同體，推動(dong)形成(cheng)黨(dang)委領導、政府負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)、社會(hui)(hui)協(xie)(xie)同、公(gong)眾參與(yu)的(de)(de)良(liang)好(hao)氛圍，提(ti)高各方(fang)(fang)參與(yu)韌性安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)積(ji)(ji)極(ji)性、主動(dong)性和(he)(he)(he)創造(zao)性。強(qiang)化責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任落實，構建(jian)橫(heng)向到(dao)邊、縱向到(dao)底的(de)(de)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任體系，推動(dong)各級領導干部以(yi)“時時放(fang)心不(bu)下”的(de)(de)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任感(gan)，增(zeng)強(qiang)做好(hao)韌性安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)思想(xiang)自(zi)覺和(he)(he)(he)行(xing)動(dong)自(zi)覺。推動(dong)韌性安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)重(zhong)心下移、力量(liang)(liang)下傾、資源下沉，建(jian)立健全(quan)基層韌性安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)網格，充分發(fa)揮基層黨(dang)組(zu)織戰斗堡壘(lei)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)和(he)(he)(he)廣(guang)大黨(dang)員先鋒模范作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，發(fa)動(dong)基層群眾共(gong)建(jian)共(gong)治(zhi)共(gong)享(xiang)。把公(gong)共(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)納(na)入國(guo)民教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)和(he)(he)(he)精神(shen)文明建(jian)設(she)體系，推動(dong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)進(jin)企(qi)業、進(jin)農村(cun)、進(jin)社區、進(jin)學校(xiao)、進(jin)家庭(ting)，廣(guang)泛開展(zhan)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)公(gong)益宣(xuan)傳，筑牢韌性安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民防線。更好(hao)地發(fa)揮社會(hui)(hui)力量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)(he)市(shi)(shi)場機制(zhi)在(zai)韌性安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)中的(de)(de)積(ji)(ji)極(ji)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，加強(qiang)政府與(yu)社會(hui)(hui)力量(liang)(liang)、市(shi)(shi)場機制(zhi)的(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)同配合，形成(cheng)工(gong)作(zuo)合力。
《光明日報(bao)》（2023年12月(yue)18日 06版）
作(zuo)者：鐘開斌（中(zhong)央黨(dang)校〔國家行政學院(yuan)〕習近平(ping)新時代中(zhong)國特(te)色社會主義思想研究中(zhong)心研究員(yuan)、應急管(guan)理教研部副主任）
